Yusuf, F. (2010). Curbing female genital mutilation: the role of information and libraries. Gender & Behavior, 8. 3089-3101.

Yusuf, F. (2010). Curbing female genital mutilation: the role of information and libraries. Gender & Behavior, 8. 3089-3101.

Yusuf writes extensively on the ways spreading information can stop female circumcision. She methodically explains the background of FGM/C by going into its earliest origins and works her way up to the current consequences of the practice. Yusuf also highlights some legislation passed in Africa to prevent female circumcision.

UNICEF (2005). Female genital mutilation/cutting: a statistical exploration 2005. New York, NY: UNICEF.

UNICEF. (2005). Female genital mutilation/cutting: a statistical exploration 2005. New York, NY: UNICEF.

This source is full of important statistics from 2005 on a scale that I have not yet encountered in any other source on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. With many maps and graphs that describe FGM/C in a powerful, visual way, this booklet is extremely important. The graphs cover the effects of age, region, education, religion and ethnicity in whether or not young girls are circumcised or not. This source also describes the different type of mutilations and cutting as well as the practitioners that continue this tradition.

UNFPA. (2007). A holistic approach to the abandonment of female mutilation/cutting. New York, NY: UNFPA.

UNFPA (2007). A holistic approach to the abandonment of female mutilation/cutting. New York, NY: UNFPA.

This UNFPA document illustrates recent work by the group to stop Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Egypt, Senegal, Nigeria, and other African countries. This booklet explains how the chance is starting to come about and hopefully describes their plans for future changes.

Shewder, R.A. (2000). What about “female genital mutilation”? And why understanding culture matters in the first place. Daelus. Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 129(4). 209-232.

Sheweder, R.A. (2000). What about “female genital mutilation”? And why understanding culture matters in the first place. Daelus. Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 129(4). 209-232.

Sheweder writes vividly in this article about the psychological aspects of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. He describes why it is done and views the practice both as interesting and as an important ritual in a young girl's life. His sincere believe in the validity of the practice stands out in his writing.

Nyangweso, M. (2002). Christ’s salvific message and the Nandi ritual of female circumcision. Theological Studies, 63(3). 579-600.

Nyangweso, M. (2002). Christ’s salvific message and the Nandi ritual of female circumcision. Theological     Studies, 63(3). 579-600.

Mary Nyangweso writes from a statistical viewpoint on why Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting has been allowed to prosper in Africa and offers her opinions as to why it will continue to prosper despite efforts made to prevent it. She asks that the background of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting be considered before making attempts to eradicate the tradition. Also in her article is a description of a circumcision ceremony that is full of psychological and intellectual insights.

Molleman, G. and Franse, L. (2009). The struggle for abandonmen of female genital

Molleman, G. and Franse, L. (2009). The struggle for abandonmen of female genital  
             mutilation/cutting  (FGM/C) in Egypt. Global Health Promotion. 58-70. doi:  
             10.117711757975908100752.

This source documents a visit to Egypt and details the efforts going on there by UNICEF and WHO to prevent Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. The article explains why Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is practiced in Egypt today and give specific statistics about the tradition in Egypt today.

Deweder, R. (2007, July 16). Female circumcision in Egypt. IslamOnline.net. Retrieved from

Deweder, R. (2007, July 16). Female circumcision in Egypt. IslamOnline.net. Retrieved from
          http://www.islamonline.net/

Rasha Deweder writes about the Egyptian view of circumcision at a march held for Female Genital Circumcision/Cutting awareness. In her article are the women who perform the ceremony, and one man who allow the practice to go on, viewing it as "honorable for the girl." Despite efforts to change the minds of the people, her article seems to say, the Egyptians still believe in hurting their daughters with the tradition.

Bruni, F. (2004, February 1). Doctor in Italy tries to ease pain of an African tradition. The New York Times.

Bruni, F. (2004, February 1). Doctor in Italy tries to ease pain of an African tradition. The New York Times.
          Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/.

In this article, an Arabic doctor tries to start a new, less invasive and less painful form of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. The process, he explains, would be more symbolic than anything. The practice had not yet been allowed of the writing of the article, but the doctor's suggestion has sparked a debate in Italy.